Written by: Chad Park

Quantum computing stands at the forefront of a revolution that will reshape the limits of computation. The era of classical computing—defined by a series of 0s and 1s—is slowly giving way to the powerful realm of quantum computing with its more effective information processes. This shift to quantum computing holds the key to solving complex problems that have long eluded traditional computers, like optimizing large-scale logistics and breaking cryptographic codes.

How does quantum computing work?

Quantum computing uses qubits, the fundamental units of quantum information, to harness the power of quantum mechanics, more specifically, superposition and entanglement. Superposition refers to the ability of a qubit to exist in multiple states simultaneously, unlike classical bits that can only be in a state of 0 or 1. This allows quantum computers to perform multiple operations at the same time, significantly speeding up calculations. Entanglement refers to a phenomenon where the state of one qubit becomes intrinsically interconnected with another qubit, regardless of distance. This interconnectedness allows quantum computers to perform more complex computations than classical computers by simultaneously processing multiple solutions in parallel,  thereby unlocking unprecedented computational capabilities. Furthermore, in contrast to classical computers, where power is directly proportional to the number of transistors, the power of quantum computers increases exponentially for every qubit because of the ability to represent and process information across many possible states. For example, this makes it possible for a quantum computer to perform 10 billion floating-point operations per second with only 30 qubits. Quantum computers use Josephson junctions, made by putting a layer of nonsuperconducting material between two layers of superconducting material (material that can conduct electric current with zero resistance), as qubits. Photons are fired at these qubits to control the qubits and read out individual units of quantum information through quantum phenomena such as entanglement and the measurement process to gain insight into the state of the qubits.

Figure 1. Inside Look of a Quantum Computer

Source: jonathan-hui.medium.com

Why do we need quantum computing?

With an exceptional ability to solve complex problems by computing large amounts of data, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields. For example, if scientists want to learn how a compound will behave under certain conditions, they must run countless experiments repeatedly, which is time-consuming and expensive. A classical computer may simulate the compound’s behavior, but it will not be able to handle all the possibilities. Quantum computers, on the other hand, offer a more efficient way to simulate the compound’s chemical and physical properties. Quantum computing is essential to solve problems too complicated for classical computers. 

Applications of Quantum Computing

Quantum computing has multiple current applications, including finance, cybersecurity, and healthcare. In finance, the power of quantum computing can be utilized to simulate trading in the stock market, improving fraud detection in the process. Quantum computing can also improve cybersecurity by providing robust data encryption services and intrusion detection systems, such as the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which uses light signals to detect unwanted intruders– because the states of the photons are entangled, the measurement of a photon by an intruder will disturb the states. Healthcare can also benefit from quantum computing, specifically with simulations of kinetic and thermodynamic molecular interactions, allowing for the development of faster-acting and more efficient drugs.

Figure 2. Quantum Computing for Healthcare

Source: researchgate.net

Conclusion

New technological advancements are leading us to a future where the powerful force of quantum computing is transforming the computing world. The paradigm shift from classical bits to qubits unlocks unprecedented computational power in its wake, particularly through superposition and entanglement. In addition, quantum computing has many broad and far-reaching uses with its effective data processing and complex simulations. It is only a matter of time before quantum computing entirely changes how we approach and solve the problems of our increasingly complex world.

References and Sources:

Applications of quantum computing for healthcare. – researchgate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Applications-of-Quantum-Computing-for-Healthcare_fig3_357404660

CB Insights. (2021, February 1). Quantum Computing vs. classical computing in one graphic. CB Insights Research. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/quantum-computing-classical-computing-comparison-infographic/

How quantum computing is going to impact the future of work – fast company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90925065/heres-what-quantum-computing-is-and-how-its-going-to-impact-the-future-of-work-according-to-a-software-engineer

Iberdrola. (2021, April 22). Quantum computing and supercomputers will revolutionise technology. https://www.iberdrola.com/innovation/what-is-quantum-computing#:~:text=Quantum%20computing%20uses%20the%20qubit,around%20which%20all%20computing%20revolves.

What are Josephson junctions? how do they work?. Scientific American. (2013, August 18). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-are-josephson-juncti/

What is quantum computing?. IBM. (n.d.). https://www.ibm.com/topics/quantum-computing